Bipolar disorder - the facts

What is it?

Bipolar disorder is an illness where the person's state of mind alternates between extremes. Periods of desolation, causing lethargy alternate with bouts of mania characterised by excessive excitement and activity. These are often separated by periods of normal mood.

How does bipolar disorder differ from depression?

Depression, sometimes called unipolar disorder, is characterised by persistent low mood (as well as other symptoms). Bipolar disorder is characterised by extreme states of mind, from depression through to mania. A particular state of mind can last many months but the mood will fluctuate.

How many people have it?

Around 1% of the population have bipolar disorder in the UK but doctors suspect it is under-diagnosed.

Who gets it?

Men and women are equally likely to get bipolar disorder. People with close family members with the condition have a greater chance of developing it themselves.

What causes it?

Scientists don't know what causes it but it's likely that in people with a genetic vulnerability, it's triggered by stressful life events.

Do people recover?

There is no actual cure for bipolar disorder but the condition may be managed with treatment.

What treatments are available?

Different treatments may be used. Mood stabilisers e.g lithium are often used as to stabilise the person and can help to prevent both depressive and manic periods. Manic phases with psychotic symptoms can be treated with antipsychotic drugs.

What are the costs of bipolar disorder?

In 1999 drugs used to treat bipolar disorder in the UK cost ?,736,000.

Do many people with bipolar disorder commit suicide?

20% of people with this condition commit suicide, although up to 50% may have attempted to commit suicide. Young men tend to be more likely to attempt suicide.