Synaptic Transmission

Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other. When an electrical impulse reaches the presynaptic terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. These chemical messengers bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, generating excitatory or inhibitory responses. This mechanism allows for fine-tuning of neuronal signaling.

Disruptions in synaptic transmission are implicated in numerous neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. These dysfunctions can alter the excitatory-inhibitory balance, leading to a variety of pathologies.